A Case of Pyomyoma following Uterine Fibroid Embolization and a Review of the Literature

Background. Since its introduction in 1996, uterine fibroid embolization (UFE) has become standard medical practice in the management of symptomatic uterine fibroids. An extremely rare complication, pyomyoma, has been reported only 5 times previously in the literature following UFE. Case. A 37-year-old woman underwent UFE for symptomatic leiomyomas of the uterus. Signs and symptoms of uterine infection ensued, beginning at 6 days following the procedure. Recurrent fevers and increasing leukocytosis despite the intravenous administration of appropriate antibiotics eventually necessitated surgical intervention on postprocedure day #18. Conclusion. An extremely rare complication of UFE is herein presented, pyomyoma, with a review of other reported cases. Commonalities are sought among these few reported cases with the hope of increasing diagnostic acumen in the detection of this disease.